Syllabus
BM8502 BIOMEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION
OBJECTIVES:
The students will be exposed to electrical and non-electrical physiological measurements and
bioamplifiers.
UNIT I BIO POTENTIAL ELECTRODES
Origin of bio potential and its propagation. Electrode-electrolyte interface, electrode–skin interface, half
cell potential, Contact impedance, polarization effects of electrode – non polarizable electrodes. Types of
electrodes - surface, needle and micro electrodes and their equivalent circuits. Recording problems –
motion artifacts, measurement with two electrodes.
UNIT II BIOPOTENTIAL MEASUREMENTS
Biosignals characteristics – frequency and amplitude ranges. ECG – Einthoven’s triangle, standard
lead system, Principle of vector cardiography, EEG – 10-20 electrode system, unipolar, bipolar and
average mode.EMG– unipolar and bipolar mode, Recording of ERG, EOG and EGG.
UNIT III SIGNAL CONDITIONING CIRCUITS
Need for bio-amplifier - single ended bio-amplifier, differential bio-amplifier Impedance matching
circuit, isolation amplifiers- Transformer and optical isolation– isolated DC amplifier and AC carrier
amplifier, Power line interference, Right leg driven ECG amplifier, Band pass filtering
UNIT IV MEASUREMENT OF NON-ELECTRICAL PARAMETERS
Temperature, respiration rate and pulse rate measurements. Blood Pressure: indirect methods -
auscultatory method, oscillometric method, direct methods: electronic manometer, Pressure amplifiers -
systolic, diastolic, mean detector circuit. Blood flow and cardiac output measurement: Indicator
dilution, thermal dilution and dye dilution method, Electromagnetic and ultrasound blood flow
measurement.
UNIT V BIO-CHEMICAL MEASUREMENT AND BIOSENSOR
Biochemical sensors - pH, pO2 and pCO2, Ion selective Field effect Transistor (ISFET),
Immunologically sensitive FET (IMFET), Blood glucose sensors - Blood gas analyzers, colorimeter-
sodium potassium analyzer, spectrophotometer, blood cell counter, auto analyzer (simplified schematic
description), Bio sensors- Principles- amperometric and voltometric techniques
For notes - visit here
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